Stockbreeding

Stockbreeding was the main branch of farming in Samegrelo and it was distinguished by its diversity. They raised large (cows, buffaloes, horses) and small (pigs, goats, sheep) cattle as well as poultry (chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, Guinea fowls). However, breeding of cows, pigs, horses and goats was more common.

 

In the official overview of Samegrelo compiled in 1804, it is mentioned that the population in Samegrelo have flocks of goats and pigs, which breed well even without any special care.

 

Beliefs related to cattle breeding in Samegrelo had an archaic character. When a cow (or buffalo) gave birth to a calf, its milk could not be used until it was blessed and "released" – this ritual was called "mobeneba".

 

On the day of the prayer, a housewife would cook or bake four cheese pies (so called “khviandi). Then she would put them on a tray along with a glass of wine and freshly squeezed cheese. She would light a candle on the edge of the tray and go to the cow. No one was allowed to attend the prayer ceremony except the housewife.

 

According to local beliefs, one of the main functions of Archangel “Micam-Garios” (Michael-Gabriel – considered as not two but one angel) was the protection of cattle, shepherds and cattle breeding in general. One of the main functions of Archangels Michael and Gabriel was protection of people, which was best reflected in family cults.

 

There were rituals to protect cattle, which are known as "Zhinish Orta" and "Galenishi Orta". The "Galenishi Orta" ritual was performed in springs, and Michael-Gabriel was asked to protect the cows from wild animals. " Zhinish Orta" prayer was also intended for cattle and was performed when they had "new" yeanling, the ritual was held on Sunday, and every family had its own tree in the forest to perform this ritual.