Healing Magic and Viral Infection: Batonebi

In Samegrelo, infectious diseases like smallpox, measles, the black plague, and whooping cough were believed to be spirits that could inhabit a person. These spirits, referred to as "lords" (Batonebi), were categorized into two hierarchical groups. The "big masters" included severe diseases like the black plague and smallpox, while the second group consisted of diseases such as measles, mumps, strep throat, and whooping cough.

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According to T. Sakhokia, when a smallpox epidemic occurred in a village, the Magrelians believed they had to follow the commands of these "lords." They meticulously adhered to specific rituals: "When you hear our name (apparition), help yourself, run as much as you can, until you wear out the buffalo skins, the run on your feet, from walking." The aim was to avoid being seen by the "lords," as being seen would bring misfortune.

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When a spirit appeared, a pierced stone was hung around the patient's neck as a sign of obedience to the "Batonebi." This gesture was seen as the "lords" showing mercy to the family by visiting them. The household would then be decorated with great zeal, and the patient was made to lie on a clean mattress.

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The fire in the hearth was extinguished, as it was believed to plague the "lords." Cooking was avoided, and neighbors would bring ready-cooked meals for the sick. The caregiver of the patient was called the "servant of the lords." They played chonguri, sang, and told stories to uplift the patient's mood. They also maintained cleanliness using masks and tinctures of violet leaves, which were sprayed throughout the house and yard. The smell of violets, favored by the "lords," was everywhere, symbolizing their presence and ensuring their favor.

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These practices underscore the intricate blend of health, spirituality, and community support in Samegrelo, reflecting a unique approach to dealing with illness and invoking the aid of higher powers for healing and protection.